Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review

Nicotine from cigarette smoking and diet and Parkinson disease: a review

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Abstract Evidence from epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between cigarette smoking and low risk of Parkinson disease (PD).As a major component of tobacco smoke, nicotine has been proposed to be a substance for preventing against PD risk, with a key role in regulating striatal activity and behaviors mediated through the dopaminergic system.Animal studies also showed that nicotine could modulate dopamine transmission and reduce GARD DREAM BODY WASH levodopa-induced dyskinesias.

However, previous clinical trials yield controversial results regarding nicotine treatment.In Soccer - Clothing Mens Bottoms - Pants this review, we updated epidemiological, preclinical and clinical data, and studies on nicotine from diet.We also reviewed interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking.

As a small amount of nicotine can saturate a substantial portion of nicotine receptors in the brain, nicotine from other sources, such as diet, could be a promising therapeutic substance for protection against PD.